Girl Lijiang tourism was beaten.

Dali and Lijiang are all very beautiful.

Dali is located in the west of central Yunnan Province, with Erhai Lake in the east and Diancang Mountain in the west. The climate here is mild, the land is fertile, and the landscape is beautiful. It is one of the areas where the southwest frontier of China was developed earlier. As far back as 4,000 years ago, there were activities of primitive residents in Dali.

In the long historical years, Dali once had a prominent position and role. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Dali was the only pass of the "Shu-Shen-Du National Road" (from Chengdu, Sichuan, through Dali and Baoshan, Yunnan, to Myanmar, and then to India). This passage played an important role in promoting the contact between Dali and the mainland, and promoting friendly exchanges and economic and cultural exchanges between China and Southeast Asian countries.

Lijiang city

National historical and cultural city, with jurisdiction over 1 town and 14 districts. The ancient city of Dayan Town, the county seat, is 2400 meters above sea level, with an urban area of 6 square kilometers and a population of about 60,000. There are Naxi, Han, Bai, Wa, Pumi, Yi, Tibetan and Miao nationalities. Among them, Naxi people account for 57.7% of the county's total population. During the Warring States period, it belonged to Shu County of Qin State. Han belongs to Yue County. The three countries belong to Yunnan county. Sui Duan County was in the Southern Dynasty, and the ancestors of Naxi people moved here around this time. In the Tang dynasty, it was once the governor's mansion of Yaozhou, followed by Tubo and Nanzhao, called Sangchuan, which belonged to Jianchuan Festival. In the Song Dynasty, Dali was a good county, and the city began to be built. Kublai Khan invaded Dali in the south. After crossing the Jinsha River with leather bags, he stationed troops here to practice. At that time, the site of "Aying" still existed. At that time, there were more than a thousand households, and it was changed to Lijiang Road in the thirteenth year of Yuan Dynasty. The name of Lijiang began here, and it was named after Lijiang (the ancient name of Jinsha River) Bay. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the palace built by the local Tusi Mu family was very beautiful. In his travel notes, Xu Xiake called it "the beauty of the palace, which is intended to be the king", while Lijiang House was "the county with rich crowns and various lands". "Biography of Tusi in Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty" says that "all the local officials in Yunnan know poetry and books, and they are good at etiquette and righteousness, headed by the Mu family in Lijiang". The name of Fucheng Dayan also began in the Ming Dynasty. Because it is located in the center of Lijiang Bazi, surrounded by green hills, it looks like a giant inkstone, hence the name Dayan (inkstone) compartment. Qing dynasty is Lijiang mansion. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the land was changed to flow, ending the hereditary rule of Mu Tusi since the Yuan Dynasty. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770), Lijiang County was established, and Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was established in 1961.

The ancient city is bordered by Xiangmian Mountain in the north, Lion Mountain in the west, Wenbi Mountain in the south, and Cuifeng is like a screen. It is famous for not building a city wall, because the hereditary toast in ancient Lidong is named Mu. If a city wall is built, the word "cause" will be added to the word "cause", so the ancient city has no city wall. Yuquan water gushes from the Black Dragon Pool in the northeast of the city, divides along the street, walks through houses, and is clear all the year round, with a plateau water city style of "Chaoyang for every household and flowing water for every household". Dwellings and streets are surrounded by mountains and rivers, which are simple and natural, and the location of the city makes full use of the geographical environment. Flowers and trees are planted all over the streets and courtyards, which is known as "Li County never likes planting trees, and the ancient city has no households and no flowers". The roads are paved with Lijiang specialty colored stone slabs, with stone arch bridges above the streams, small bridges facing the waves, winding paths leading to secluded places, no mud in rainy season and no dust in dry season. At that time, the street in Lijiang was a dirt yard, with mud knee-deep in rainy season and sandstorms everywhere in dry season. In the Ming Dynasty, the toast excavated the Xihe River, using the terrain that the west was higher than the east, manually controlled the movable stone slabs, regularly introduced the Xihe River into the river, and washed the streets paved with five flowers and stones to keep the city clean. In the Qing Dynasty, the Donghe River was excavated and the water in the middle river was introduced to the city. In this way, Sanshui enters the city, crosses the streets and lanes, and is divided into numerous small canals, which are connected with Tanquan, forming a water system as dense as cobwebs and covered with Jincheng. There is a landscape of "flowing water in front of every house and weeping willows brushing the eaves". Where there is water, there are bridges, and there are more than 70 single-hole, double-hole, three-hole and porous bridges. Many stone arch bridges were carefully designed and built by skilled craftsmen hired from the mainland by the great Tusi of the Naxi nationality in the Ming Dynasty, which has ornamental value and high practicability. The center of Lijiang is Sifang Street, where business trips have gathered since ancient times.Trade is booming, and it is also a festival gathering place. There are many buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the city, all of which are well preserved. There are conversion halls, Black Dragon Pool, Wufenglou, Deyuelou, Suocui Bridge, Jiefanglin, Mu Tusi House and pieces of ancient houses, which are the treasures of ancient city construction in China. Imitating the Forbidden City in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, the Tusi House in Mu's family has dozens of courtyards, including three halls, a family temple, a ten-scroll library and the "Royal Garden" in Lion Mountain, with a grand scale and magnificent halls, covering an area of 400,000 square meters. Ordinary people's houses, with three sides and one wall, many east doors, spacious halls and corridors, generous patios, doors and windows carved with flowers and birds and other patterns, are full of cultural atmosphere, reflecting the artistic attainments and aesthetic taste of Naxi people. It is known as "Gusu Plateau" and "Venice Plateau".

In December, 1997, Old Town of Lijiang successfully declared as a world cultural heritage, which filled the gap that China has no famous historical and cultural city in the world cultural heritage.

Located at the junction of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Lijiang is mountainous, mainly including Yulong Snow Mountain and Laojun Mountain. There are two major water systems: Jinsha River and Lancang River. The highest peak of Yulong Snow Mountain is steep, with an altitude of 5,596 meters, and the lowest point is the exit of Jinsha River at the foot of the river slope in Qihe District, with an altitude of 1,219 meters, forming a three-dimensional climate with cold, warm and hot. Most towns here are located in a small mountain basin called dam in Yunnan, while Old Town of Lijiang is located at the southern foot of Lion Mountain in the middle of Lijiang Dam.

Elevation of scenic spots

Yulong Snow Mountain ... 5596 meters

Old Town of Lijiang ... 2416 meters.

Yunshanping ............ 3205 meters

Baishui River ............ 2950 meters.

Ganhaizi ............ 3100 meters

Yufeng Temple ............ is 2760m.

White sand mural ... 2500m.

Hutiaoxia ............ 1800 meters

The first bay of the Yangtze River ... 1850m.

Lugu Lake ............ 2685 meters.

............, Maoniuping, 3800 meters

The main peak of Laojun Mountain ... 4247 meters.

Yulong Snow Mountain Four Seasons Ski Resort ... 4500m

Bingtalin ............ 4600 meters

climate

Annual average temperature

Lijiang is located in the Hengduan Mountain area in the southwest of China, and its climate is obviously distributed vertically. Although it is located on the plateau, snow-capped mountains are seen all year round, but the rainfall is abundant and the dry and wet seasons are distinct. The annual average temperature ranges from 12.6℃ to 19.8℃, the hottest month average temperature ranges from 18.1℃ to 25.7℃, and the Leng Yue average temperature ranges from 4℃ to 11.7℃. In most places, there is only the change of temperature and coolness, and there is no great change of cold and summer. Spring and autumn are connected, and Changchun has no summer, forming an obvious dry season and wet season. The average annual rainfall in Lijiang is about 1000 mm, and the rainy season is from May to October, accounting for more than 85% of the whole year, especially in July and August. Because it is located in the low latitude plateau, the solar radiation is strong all year round. The annual sunshine hours of Lijiang Dam are 2530 hours, with sufficient light energy, and the annual solar radiation is 146.5 kilocalories per square centimeter, which is the highest value area in Yunnan Province.

Traditional costumes of Naxi and Mosuo

Lijiang's culture became a synthesis of Naxi culture and Han culture after the Qing Dynasty's policy of returning to the motherland in 1723. Compared with Naxi people in Zhongdian Baidi (the birthplace of Naxi Dongba) on the west bank of Jinsha River and Mosuo people in Lugu Lake area of Jinsha River, the Naxi community in Lijiang dam area was more influenced and assimilated by the Han culture in the Central Plains. This assimilation process was gradually accelerated in the 1996 earthquake and the subsequent tourism development.

Such a cultural characteristic affects all aspects of life in Naxi community in Lijiang today, such as clothing. Naxi men have abandoned undershirts as early as the first half of this century and changed into Hanfu instead of knee shorts. Today, the clothing of Naxi elderly women in Old Town of Lijiang is also the result of improvement based on full clothing. (Among them, sheepskin jackets, star-studded Dai Yue and aprons retain the traditional characteristics.), In Zhongdian Baidi (the birthplace of Naxi Dongba religion), the clothes rented by Naxi are more pure, and the Mosuo people in Lugu Lake are close to Tibetan clothes. Moreover, in Lijiang today, most Naxi women born after World War II no longer wear such traditional clothes.

B] culture

This cultural evolution is particularly evident in Old Town of Lijiang, which has the highest degree of sinicization. After the earthquake in 1996 and the rapid development of tourism, Chinese Yunnan dialect gradually replaced Naxi spoken language as the mainstream language in the ancient city community, and young Naxi couples began to educate their children in Chinese. Before 1990, in Lijiang, Naxi spoken language was a default social communication tool in the ancient city. Even if children received Chinese education at school, However, Naxi language is used for communication between Naxi families and Naxi teenagers. In 1996, the vigorous development of tourism brought confidence to Lijiang people, and driven by commercial interests, Chinese dialects replaced Naxi spoken language as a communication tool in Lijiang (the ancient city), which made the future of Naxi traditional culture even more severe.

Gender status

Like the patriarchal society of Han nationality today, Naxi families in Lijiang dam area are mostly dominated by men. In sharp contrast with Mosuo female parents in Lugu Lake, Naxi women bear more domestic and social obligations than Han women.

In Old Town of Lijiang, it is very common for men in their forties to raise flowers and birds, which gives people the impression that Naxi people are too satisfied with the status quo and are not enterprising. In fact, besides mastering the family, this is also related to Lijiang's traditional commercial economy rather than handicraft economy. Naxi women not only have to undertake housework, but also earn money to support their families. In the original Sifang Street vegetable market in the ancient city, most of them were middle-aged women, while men were collecting money and watching.

Before the Mongols conquered Lijiang in 1253, Naxi in Lijiang and Mosuo in Lugu Lake were both in a matriarchal society. After 1253, the Mu family, who was inclined to the Chinese culture in the Central Plains, gradually influenced the Naxi family by the patriarchal system of the Han nationality. In 1723, the floating officials of the Han nationality replaced the Mu family to rule Lijiang, and a large number of Han values, including the norms of patriarchal society and the marriage system arranged by parents, became popular. Naxi women not only lost control of the family, At the same time, due to the conflict between the freedom of love and the freedom of sex by Confucianism and Han system, the number of Naxi girls who died of love rose sharply, and some men and women who were doomed for life crossed Jinsha River and moved to Mosuo community in search of free love.

Young Naxi men and women born after 1970s no longer follow the traditional values. Like the new and new people on the mainland, they look for the free spirit that Naxi ancestors once had from the culture that has flooded in from the west.

religion

Naxi people once believed in Buddhism, Lamaism and Taoism in history. However, unlike some ethnic groups whose lifestyles are deeply influenced by religion, Naxi people do not believe in a certain religion. In Lijiang today, even among the elderly Naxi people, it is difficult to find very devout believers. Dongba religion is a primitive religion in ancient Naxi, but it is more elite than a civilian religion.

language

Naxi spoken language is the main language in Lijiang and the Naxi community in the dam area. In Old Town of Lijiang, the Yunnan dialect of the Han nationality is the most widely used language, but it is used among family members in Naxi family in the ancient city. The younger generation in Lijiang can speak Mandarin Chinese, while some young people engaged in tourism can speak fluent English. Because some of the older generation of Naxi old people have received western-style basic education in missionary schools, it is not surprising to see old people and foreigners communicate freely in English in the streets of Old Town of Lijiang.

geography

Yulong Snow Mountain is located 15 kilometers north of Old Town of Lijiang, 27 degrees 03'20"-27 degrees 40' north latitude and 100 degrees 04'10"-100 degrees 16'30 "east longitude. It is a modern marine glacier at the southernmost tip of the northern hemisphere near the equator. It is a national tourist scenic spot in China, a provincial tourist resort and a provincial nature reserve in Yunnan Province.

Introduction of scenic spots

The fan of the main peak of Yulong Snow Mountain is steep at an altitude of 5,596 meters, and it goes straight into the blue sky. The 13 peaks of Yulong arranged in the north-south direction are like a flying dragon. It is not only magnificent, but also beautiful and tall, with exquisite shape. With the alternation of seasons and sunny days, the landscape is also changeable, sometimes clouds are steaming and foggy, and Yulong suddenly appears, sometimes the sky is as blue as water, and there are no clouds in Wan Li. The peaks are like jade liquid, and the glittering silver light is dazzling. Sometimes a cloud has a waist, with snowy peaks above and green hills below. The east wants to dawn, the peak is dyed with morning light early, the colorful morning glow is reflected on the snow peak, and the white snow is blushing and shimmering with the glow; The afterglow in the evening dyed the snow peak like a red gauze, and the clouds flew back to the valleys between the peaks with the colorful sunset glow, which was a snap and abnormal.

Jade Dragon Snow Mountain is famous for its danger, beauty and wonder. There are mainly "Yunshan Ping, Baishui River, Ganhaizi and Bingtalin" in it. It is a multifunctional tourist attraction integrating sightseeing, mountaineering, exploration, scientific research, vacation and outing.

Yunshanping scenic spot

Yunshanping is a meadow about one square kilometer at the eastern foot of Yulong Mountain, with snow-capped mountains standing on one side and surrounded by a thousand-year-old spruce forest. The grass in the meadow is flourishing and the pastoral songs are melodious. Yunshanping is also the legendary window into the third country of Yulong.

Baishuihe scenic spot

Baishui River scenic spot is a deep valley, where the trees are green, the clear spring is flowing, some are ponds, some are waterfalls, the static and dynamic are different, and the taste is unique. At present, there are parking lots, restaurants, shopping shops and ropeway stations entering Yunshanping on the waterfront of Baishui River.

Ganhaizi

It is an open meadow at the eastern foot of Yulong Mountain. It is a natural ranch. Every year at the turn of spring and summer, a hundred flowers bloom to form a huge garden, and the whole meadow is full of vitality. At present, Ganhaizi has built a snow holiday villa and a large cableway near the Yulong Snow Mountain Glacier. Visitors can take the cableway to the snowfield to watch the ancient snow, the wonders of ice pagodas and skiing.

Tiger Leaping Gorge

Jinsha River splits Yulong Snow Mountain and Haba Snow Mountain, forming the world's deepest grand canyon-Tiger Leaping Gorge. Tiger Leaping Gorge is 17 kilometers long, with a drop of 200 meters. The snow peaks on both sides of the river are more than 3,000 meters higher than the river. Its potential is breathtaking and breathtaking. At the entrance of Jinsha River in the upper reaches of Tiger Leaping Gorge, there is a huge stone lying in the middle of the river, and the rapids pass through the sides of the huge stone with a width of only 30 meters. The waves are loud and the white waves are rolling. It is said that tigers often leap to the other side by the huge stone in the middle of the river, hence the name Tiger Leaping Gorge.

Boarding the Wangxia platform, the whole gorge is vivid. Going down to the stone beach by the river, the high cliffs on both sides of the river squeeze the high sky into a crack, and the river is squeezed to be only more than 30 meters wide. The river is 5 meters square and the water is as urgent as an arrow. This is the tiger jumping. On the east side of Dayan Cave, there are ancient cliff paintings, mostly animal images.

Looking at the top of Yulong Mountain from Shangxiakou, it's a cool battlement of heaven. The river is gentle, like a gentle girl, but as soon as it enters the gorge, it becomes a violent angry man. The first step is to jump on the tiger, and the first step is to make people look down. On both sides of the ridge, there are two giant stone gates, among which stands a triangular tiger leaping stone. From then on, the Jinsha River giant flow made its way out, leaped over the high ridge, and fell down with thunderous momentum. Under the high ridge, thousands of waves of Wan Tao were buzzing and tumbling. Look at that scene, it's frightening. Going forward, I soon saw the starry beach, which is half a mile long and dotted with reefs. It set off silver waves all over the river, and the sound of the waves was deafening, which looked like the stars of the Milky Way, hence its name. There are 18 such dangerous beaches in the whole gorge, with an average of less than one mile. To Achang Valley in the middle of the Great Gorge, there is a simple hostel for accommodation in taoyuan village. The houses of dozens of families are built with bluestone slabs, and the mountains are hung on the walls like maps. When you leave the village and walk to the river, you will jump in the tiger that is very dangerous and strange. I saw a lot of rocky reefs, four dangerous cliffs, covering the sky and clouds, and the craggy tiger leaping stones were like ghosts playing with waves. The torrent hit the reef, the crystal flowers vacated, and the stormy waves roared like thunder.

At the cliff head of Gaijiang River, there is a half-mile sloping road in the middle. In the middle of the pedestrian, the spring water gushes from the top of the head and weaves into a beautiful bead curtain, which makes it unique. In addition, on the rock wall along the river in Tiger Leaping Gorge, 12 precious ancient rock paintings were found, which added wonders to this world grand canyon.

Many famous explorers tried to conquer this dangerous canyon. It is said that Locke, an American geographer, visited here in the 1930s. Yao Maoshu, the pioneer of drifting in Jinsha River, was killed in 1985 when he drifted to the source of the Yangtze River and the Tuotuo River alone. In 1986, the China Luoyang Yangtze River rafting team successfully drifted the Tiger Leaping Gorge for the first time without motivation, but two members were martyred. So far, no more than 150 explorers have successfully drifted this canyon in the world.

Old Town of Lijiang is located in Lijiang County, northwest Yunnan Province, China, with an altitude of 2,400 meters and an area of 3.8 square kilometers. At present, there are 25,379 people, 66.7% of whom are Naxi, and 30% of the residents are engaged in traditional handicrafts. The ancient city was built in the early Yuan Dynasty. When Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu marched south to Dali, Yunnan, he crossed the Jinsha River to Lijiang with a leather bag, and stationed a military camp in Old Town of Lijiang. The name of the streets and lanes in the north of Dashiqiao is "Aying" in Naxi, and "Aying" refers to Mongolian troops. "Chang" is the village.

Old Town of Lijiang began to take shape in the Southern Song Dynasty, with a history of eight or nine hundred years. Since the Ming Dynasty, Old Town of Lijiang has been called "Dayanxiang", hence its name, because it lives in the center of Lijiang Dam, surrounded by green hills on all sides, and a piece of green water between green fields is like a big jasper inkstone.

history

Old Town of Lijiang presided over the construction through the ancestors of Mu family. Tracing back to the architectural history of "Lijiang people", it has developed from the ancient cave house, tree nest house and well-dry wooden house to the ancient city residential model of "three squares and one wall", "four in five patios" and "turning horses into attics". The plane feature of ancient city dwellings is courtyard-centered and introverted courtyard combination, and Xiazi (veranda) is an important part of Naxi dwellings.

In 1254, the ancestor of Mu family in Lijiang joined Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu, and set up three official posts in the ancient city. Its organizational system was subordinate to Chahan Zhang Guanmin. In 1276, it was changed to Lijiang Road Military and Civilian General Administration. In 1382, Ajia, the magistrate of Tongan Prefecture, surrendered to the Ming Dynasty and set up Lijiang Military and Civilian Government. Ajia was given the surname of Mu by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and was made a hereditary magistrate. Old Town of Lijiang and Lijiang Military and Civilian Mansions (Mujiayuan) were unique and magnificent in construction, and they were also symbols of the politics, economy and power of the Mu family at that time. Xu Xiake, a famous traveler in China in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote in Lijiang's travels that "the beauty of the palace is to be the king" and "the residential communities are lined with tiled houses". It is a true portrayal of the prosperous landscape of Old Town of Lijiang in those days. Naxi people are good at absorbing and drawing lessons from foreign cultures, because Lijiang is located at the port of the South Silk Road and on the ancient tea-horse road. It is a distribution center for Yunnan-Tibet trade. From 1253 AD, Kublai Khan stationed in Lijiang brought in foreign culture, and was later influenced by the Central Plains culture, such as Tibetan Buddhism and Taoism, until the beginning of the 20th century, and was also influenced by Christian culture. In addition, the ancient Dongba religion, Dongba scriptures, Dongba hieroglyphs, Dongba paintings of Naxi people and the ancient music of Naxi Cave Scriptures, which are called the remains of Yuan people, were added. All these can be eclectic and coexist and develop. These cultural influences have added the connotation of Old Town of Lijiang.

The beauty of the ancient city lies in the nature and harmony of its geographical environment. 30 kilometers northwest of the ancient city is the Yulong Snow Mountain and the remains of the Fourth Glacier, which are 5596 meters above sea level and have not yet been conquered by human beings. The three main streams of Yuquan water in the west, middle and east flow into the ancient city and are divided into several branches, so that the water network and the road network paved with five flowers and stones are intertwined, which is really wonderful. It has attracted the admiration of many Chinese and foreign architects, and is known as "Gusu on the Plateau" and "Venice in the East". For a long time, countless tourists at home and abroad have been attracted by ancient cities and snow-capped mountains, and they have been lingering in the quaint, natural, elegant and quiet ancient city.

Lugu Lake

Lugu Lake is located between Yongning Township, ninglang county City, Yunnan Province and Zuosuo Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province, 76 kilometers away from Ninglang County. The local Mosuo people call it Xie Nano, which means the mother sea. Because the shape of the lake is like a gourd with a curved neck, it is named Lugu Lake.

Lugu Lake is a plateau lake formed by the collapse of faults. The water level is 5685 meters, which is the highest in Yunnan. The average depth of the lake is more than 40 meters, and the deepest point is 73.2 meters, which is second only to Fuxian Lake, ranking second in the province. The whole lake is like a horseshoe, long from north to south and narrow from east to west. It is remote, with inconvenient transportation, less damage to the natural environment and clean water.

On the east side of the lake, a mountain ridge winds down and plunges into the middle of the lake, like a black dragon lying prone in a lake, which forms a beautiful peninsula on Lugu Lake. It almost divides the vast lake into two parts, and the tip of the peninsula is only 2 kilometers away from the other side, making it the narrowest place on the lake.

There are five islands in Lugu Lake, three in Yunnan and two in Sichuan. They are like green boats, floating on the lake, generally 15 ~ 30 meters above the water, with different sizes. The smallest Rige Island is located at the foot of Lion Mountain, near the north bank of the lake. The land on the northern slope of the island is flat, and there are 8 Mosuo people living in it, all of which are wooden houses. The wooden houses are built along the island, and the gate faces the lake. The scenery is charming. Tusi Island is located in the middle of the lake, the top of which is 36 meters above the water surface, and the circumference of the island is about 700 meters, which is narrow from east to west and wide from north to south. Tusi Island got its name because it used to be used exclusively for Yongning Tusi's leisure and amusement. Now all the buildings on the island are gone, leaving only broken bricks and tiles. Limiting Island, also known as Dabao Island, is 3 kilometers away from Tusi Island and is in a straight line. The island is 43.4 meters high, 450 meters long and 200 meters wide. The southwest slope of Limiting Island is gentle, and Brawly is densely covered; The hillside in the northeast is a platform, and down to the sea, there is a small beach.

Black dragon pool

Lugu Lake is beautiful in water, with beautiful mountains along its banks. Among the mountains, Gemu Mountain (the lion is on the mountain) is especially loved by people. This mountain is majestic and tall, and looks like a lion crouching and resting by the lake. The lion's head faces the lake, and the sloping transverse ridge is like a foot. If you observe it carefully, it can also point to the ear, nose and eyes, which makes people feel more lifelike. People often call it Lion Mountain. Legend has it that there is a goddess named Gem on the mountain, who protects the peace and happiness of people of all ethnic groups at the foot of the mountain, makes people have many children, makes girls strong and beautiful, makes crops flourish, and makes cattle and sheep flourish. Lion Mountain is a beautiful and sacred mountain in the hearts of Mosuo people around the lake.

They built a shrine for it at the foot of the mountain, and regarded the goddess Gem as the head of the gods. Every year on the 25th day of the seventh lunar month, a grand sacrifice was held. At that time, men, women and children in nearby villages, especially young people, will wear festive costumes, bring food, and some will ride horses to worship at Lion Mountain. In addition to offering sacrifices to the goddess Zugam, there will also be grand festivals such as picnics, horse races and duets.

The villages along the Hugu Lake are scattered, and the local residents are mainly Mosuo people (Naxi branch). Mosuo people's residence building is a well-shaped wooden ovary stacked with square timber, with wooden boards as tiles, each of which is about 0.8 meters long and 0.2 ~ 0.4 meters wide. Inside, the fireplace is the center of the whole family, and there are places where the elderly and underage children live. Another two-story building is a guest room, and the upper floor is the living room of young and middle-aged women and their friends. Due to historical reasons, among Mosuo people, there is still a pattern of marriage with the characteristics of early pairing marriage and some characteristics of matriarchal clan commune. This kind of marriage can last for decades or as short as one or two days. In terms of quantity, you can make a note with one or two people, or you can live with more people. Combining voluntariness is easy to dissolve, and if the two sides don't contact each other, the Arab-Argentine relationship will be dissolved. Accordingly, the family is composed of matriarchal relatives linked by blood, and all the property in the family is inherited by members of matriarchal descent, and all the children stay in the mother's house and take their mother's surname. A man is an uncle or a great-uncle. Women are hosts in family life and production management, and enjoy a lofty position.

Yuquan Park is located at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in the north of Lijiang, commonly known as Black Dragon Pool. The spring water is clear, with the reflection of Yulong Xuefeng and Xiangshan, the scenery is very charming. Surrounded by weeping willows, fragrant grass, lush ancient trees, pavilions and pavilions hidden in green trees and red flowers, it is known as a beautiful jade on the plateau in northwest Yunnan.

Yuquan Park is divided into four scenic spots: Yuhe, Longtan, Qingxi and Shanlin. There are mainly more than 10 scenic spots, such as Shipaifang, Yuquan Scenic Spot, Bihai Yulong, Yushui Longtan, Xiangshan Lingquan, Quqiao Xianyu, Lanpu, Peony Garden, Meiyuan and Jianxue Pavilion. Ancient buildings include Guangbi Tower, Wufeng Tower, Deyue Tower, Longshen Pavilion, Theatre and Yiwen Pavilion.

Yuquan Park is a collection of ancient Naxi buildings, including Wufeng Tower and Jiefang Forest in the Ming Dynasty, which are protected at the provincial level, and many buildings in the Qing Dynasty. The "Deyuelou", which is divided into three floors, is surrounded by water, carved with beams and painted with buildings. Guo Moruo, a generation of literary giant, once wrote "Deyuelou" and two couplets for this purpose, one of which is "There are thousands of scenery in the spring breeze, and there are so many beautiful jade dragons flying three million mountains and rivers". Vividly depicts the park's wonderful lakes and mountains.

Wufenglou

The original site of Wufenglou is located in Fuguo Temple, Zhishan, 11 kilometers northwest of Lijiang County, and moved to the Black Dragon Pool in Yuquan Park in 1979. Wufenglou is a wooden structure with three double eaves and many angles in pyramidal roof. From all sides, it looks like five flying phoenixes, hence its name. The plane is square. The Wufeng Tower is 20 meters high and has 3 depths, with a total width of 18.9 meters and a depth of 17.8 meters. Wufenglou has a special shape and ingenious conception. Peony, plum blossom, pomegranate and so on are carved on the open and dark lattice doors. The cornices and arches, with colorful colors, show the unique Naxi architectural style in Lijiang, which is an important existing square building in Yunnan ethnic areas. In January, 1983, Yunnan provincial government announced that it was the second batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units.

Mufu

Old Town of Lijiang is a famous historical and cultural city in China and a world cultural heritage, and Mufu is the "Grand View Garden" of Old Town of Lijiang culture. Since the Yuan Dynasty (1253), Mushi, the leader of Naxi ethnic group, passed through the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, 22 generations and 470 years, and was known among the chieftains in southwest China as "knowing poems, writing books, being polite and observing ceremonies".

Mufu is located in the southwest corner of the ancient city, and its buildings were full of momentum in the Ming Dynasty. Xu Xiake once sighed at Mufu, saying, "The beauty of the official room is intended to be the king". Unfortunately, most of the buildings were destroyed by the war in the late Qing Dynasty, and the surviving stone archway was also destroyed by the "Cultural Revolution" (1966-1976). After the 1996 earthquake, the World Bank was discerning and borrowed huge sums of money to help rebuild Mufu, and Lijiang was well designed by skilled craftsmen.

Mufu covers an area of 46 mu, and the central axis is 369 meters long. The whole building complex faces east from west, "welcoming the rising sun and getting the atmosphere". The word "rain and fragrance" written on the wooden archway is the homonym of "reading" in Naxi language, which reflects the spiritual wisdom of Naxi people who admire knowledge. The stone archway is full of stones and has three floors. It is a fine stone building in China. The chamber is dignified and spacious, with a magnificent momentum, and it is the hall for the toast to discuss politics; Wanjuanlou is the quintessence of two thousand years' cultural heritage, including thousands of Dongba Sutra, 100 Tripitaka Sutra, poems of Liu Gong Tusi, and many paintings and calligraphy by celebrities, all of which are treasures of Hanlin and Academy. The hall of the protector, also known as the post-parliamentary hall, is the hall where the chieftain discusses family affairs; Guangbi Tower is the gatehouse of the back garden, and its architecture is called "Jia Dian Xi" in history. Yuyin Building is the place where imperial edicts are received, songs and dances are held, and Sanqing Hall is the product of Mu Tusi's worship of Taoist spirit. In the depths of Shishan Cooper, there is also a place where Mu Tusi worships heaven, ancestors and nature. Mufu fully embodies the open spirit of Naxi people's wide acceptance of multiculturalism.

Mufu is a splendid garden of architectural art, which fully reflects the elegant demeanour of buildings in the Ming Dynasty with the Central Plains, while retaining the simple and rugged lingering charm of buildings in the Central Plains in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The layout of Mufu, which faces east from west, is characterized by criss-crossing jade ditches and flowing water, shows the spirit of Naxi traditional culture.

Lijiang ancient music

The music of Naxi people, besides the tunes of "Wenmaida", "Haggege" and "Sanduo Dance", which are widely spread among the people, also includes the classical large-scale music < Baisha Fine Music > and < Lijiang Ancient Music >. The musical instruments include the flute, clarinet, reed flute, erhuang, Nanhu, Zhonghu, Dahu, Sougou Du, Sanxian and Pipa.

Lijiang Ancient Music originated from Dong Jing music and Huang Jing music of Han nationality, which is said to be Song music. At present, only the part that originated from Dong Jing music is preserved. It is rumored that the original Han scripture was accompanied and spread to Naxi people, and it gradually became a simple music. The whole music is divided into two major tunes, "Shenzhou" and "Huatong", and is divided into more than 50 minor tunes according to different contents. The ones that are often played are: "Qinghe Old Man" and "Xiaobaimei" More than 20 minor tunes, such as "eternal happiness", "good luck", "gossip", "step by step arrogance", "come to spring", "come to summer", "come to Qiu Lai", "come to winter", "surf the sand" and "ten offerings", have been widely played in Naxi areas for a long time, and gradually merged the Naxi style in its circulation, such as some musical instruments. The elegant music style of silk and bamboo has turned into rough and powerful music with strong national flavor. Under the promotion and organization of national musicians Xuanke, the Lijiang Dayan Naxi Ancient Music Club, which lasted for more than 400 years, pushed Naxi ancient music to the world. Xuanke led the orchestra to perform in Norway, Britain and other places, which made this ancient music glow with new vitality.

Baisha xile

"Baisha Xile" is also known as "Baisha Xili" or "Farewell Gift". The whole song is divided into "Preface" and "A Book". There are two versions of the music, such as < Sansiqu >, < Beautiful Baiyun > < Princess Crys >, < Lark Dance >, < Barefoot Dance >, < Bow Dance >, < Nanqu >, < Beiqu >, < Litchi Flower > and < Crying for the Emperor >. First, it is said that Kublai Khan was influenced by Mai Liang, the chief of Naxi nationality, when he marched south to Dali and crossed Lijiang. When asked about the band, Mai Liang sent him an unnamed piece of music. Kublai Khan wrote back that this piece of music was called < A Book >. < A Book > was an expression of attachment after parting. Another legend is that in the Ming Dynasty, King Mu wanted to annex the area where the westerners lived, first married his daughter to the prince of Xifan, and then took her back to Lijiang to plan to kill the prince of Xifan. After knowing her father's intentions, the daughter wrote a letter around the neck of the following dog and let it go back to tell the prince. The prince led troops to attack the King of Wood, but he was ambushed and died in Baisha. Mu Tianwang imprisoned his daughter in the Long Ting of Yuhu Lake and tortured her to death, < A Book > and <The two movements "The Princess Crys" describe this matter. Although the origin and legend of the music are different, its theme is to express people's tragic and intense, touching and touching inner feelings. Therefore, some of them are used by later generations to play at funerals and become folk music. The chapters of "Bai Sha Xi Le" are internally related, but they can be played independently. "Think twice", "Beautiful Baiyun" "Beautiful White Clouds" is full of the breath of plateau life. Farmers who play this set of music should wear national costumes, that is, Baotou Pa, long gown and thin belt, which are rich in national flavor.

Baisha Frescoes

Temple murals in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are the famous "Lijiang murals" or "Baisha murals". They are the crystallization of the economic prosperity of the Ming Dynasty lords and the Naxi people's absorption of other national cultures and the development of their own national cultures. These murals are distributed in more than ten temples in Baisha, Dayan Town, Shuhe, Zhonghai, Yangxi and Xuesong villages and towns, and were made one after another from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.

According to the investigation and study of Naxi painters and painters in Switzerland, there are six murals on the west wall of the main hall in Shuhe Dajue Palace, which are a combination of Taoism and Buddhism. They are written by Han painters with fine and smooth strokes, vivid and natural characters; The Dabaoji Palace mural in Baisha is considered to be the center of the "Lijiang Mural", which is relatively well preserved. On the twelve murals, there are Taoist and Buddhist Buddha statues, as well as tantric Buddha statues in Lamaism, and there is a large painting with 100 statues in Chinese and Tibetan. In the center, there is a sitting statue of Sakyamuni, and the above 18 venerable figures are painted on both sides, and the lower end is painted in the middle. Fine painting, smooth brushwork, well-proportioned lines, bright colors, strong three-dimensional sense and foul language style. The murals of the Dadingge Pavilion in Baisha, which were built in the late Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty, are all Zen Buddhism, tantric Buddhism and Taoist Buddha statues, and the proportion, composition, coloring and changes of the characters are different from those of Dabaoji Palace. Most of the authors are Naxi painters, but the production level is not good.

Cover a flower umbrella, and the sun dances on your head;

Stepping on the setting sun, history turns around.

On the Blending of Eurasian Cultures and the Combination of East and West

Seeing the scenery of the willow cloister is better than Jiangnan.

This is an enterprising city, warm and open.

This is the hometown of the breeze.

This is a tourist attraction.

This is a summer paradise.

……

Ice city used to be very summer.

On August 21, Lijiang level, a city with thick green and half city wind.

In midsummer, going to Harbin is a pleasant experience. Compared with other big cities, it is less hot and irritable, and more comfortable and calm. If you've been to Wuhan and Guangzhou in August and September, and you've experienced that kind of three steps, one asthma and five steps, Harbin's calmness and freedom will make you feel more comfortable and lingering.

Harbin, the summer capital of the ice city, is located between 44 04 ′-46 40 ′ north latitude and 125 41 ′-130 13 ′ east longitude, and is the northernmost capital city of China. August and September are the hottest days, and the extreme climate occasionally reaches 38℃. But the most common temperature in summer is basically constant at around 25℃-32℃. There is a big temperature difference between morning and evening-the sun is high at noon, and the morning breeze is over your ears. This wind, coming from the Songhua River across the city, with the smell of river water, swept through the streets, the crowds, and the shade of trees all over the city, so that the whole city was immersed in a fresh and lush atmosphere.

Songhua River, Sun Island, Russian River Garden. The magnificence of nature and the carving of manpower have jointly created this summer resort and summer paradise.

"How clear the sky is on a bright summer day, and how fascinating the beautiful Sun Island is." Old songs often tie up memories, nostalgia and a sense of beauty. When "On the Sun Island" swept the country, the name of Harbin jumped from north to south. And Sun Island has naturally become a symbol of this city. How many years have passed, the years have passed silently, and the scenery is still gorgeous-the charm of Sun Island is better than that of that year.

The island is about 10,000 meters long from east to west and 4,000 meters long from north to south, with a total area of 38,000 square meters. There are wetlands and grasslands in the scenic area, and the scenery is unique-full of flowers, green Ruyan Liu, birds flying around trees and vast rivers around the island. Sun Island has the largest urban wetland in China, and Tatoudun is a beautiful symbol of wetland landscape. According to reports, it will take thousands of years for the Tatou pier in the wetland here to be so lush and spectacular. As the earliest urban leisure resort in China, in midsummer, there are tens of thousands of people boarding Sun Island every day, such as 1.2 million on holidays-colorful tents and colorful summer umbrellas for tourists create a unique summer landscape.

In addition, there are eight cultural venues on the island, such as Sun Island Art Museum and Yu Zhixue Art Museum. It is not only a scenic island, but also a cultural island and an ecological island.

There are 70 scenic spots on Sun Island, such as Squirrel Island, Deer Garden and Sunshine Beach, many of which are named after the sun, Sun Mountain, Sun Lake, Sunstone and so on. Sun Lake, located in the center of the park, was an artificial lake dug up by the people of the whole city through voluntary labor. The earth piled up the Sun Mountain. On the lake, there are small bridges and corridors, weeping willows and pavilions and bridges, and countless red-headed geese and wild ducks are leisurely playing in the water, which makes people forget their worries. Shuige Yuntian was built by water, covering an area of 1,515 meters. It is divided into three parts: the promenade, the corridor and the guests. When you board the Shuige, you can see the whole park. The terraces are green, the mountains are heavy, the flying pavilion is flowing, and there is no land under it. It seems that the heavens and the earth are in your arms, and you can express your lofty aspirations.

Sun Island is located on the north bank of Songhua River, and it can be directly crossed by cruise ship from Stalin Park and Jiuzhan Park. Tankers run every twenty or thirty minutes, and the journey is only five or six minutes.

Stalin Park, Jiuzhan Park and Guxiang Park are located on the south bank of Songhua River, which are connected in a line along the river. This is the most important place for Harbin people to spend their summer-the architecture combining Chinese and Western, lifelike sculptures, ingenious flower beds, the breeze supporting the willows, and the cool river. In midsummer, almost all citizens will choose a certain dusk or a certain weekend to sit under the towering flood control memorial tower, stroll around the park with pleasant scenery and enjoy a rare and pleasant leisure time.

Russian river garden is another important summer resort. Heyuan is located on the Majiagou River in nangang district, with a span of 108 meters and a leisure shopping space of 6,000 square meters. Bars, restaurants, Internet cafes, tea bars, discos, book bars, singing bars and painting bars are all around it. The river garden is close to the famous Nikolai Gogol Street, which has a Russian color. In the 1960s, it was changed to a very revolutionary name-Struggle Road, and now it has been restored to its original name. The liveliness of Russian river gardens often comes after nightfall, and the bars on both sides spread melodious piano sounds. Occasionally, singers and bands will play in the pavilions and waterside pavilions along the river, with neon flashing, fountains refreshing and melodious music, and people will feel the exotic atmosphere in the moonlight.

Of course, more often, residents, as well as their distant relatives and friends, prefer to gather in the courtyard or in front of small shops on the street-this city has countless flavor snacks, which were mostly concentrated in Daowai District in the past, but now they are almost everywhere in the city. Putting a delicious table and having a glass of draft beer, the breeze is on the side and the moon is in the sky, so it is a kind of leisure and enjoyment. This kind of enjoyment often makes those southern tourists who don't know how to survive the midsummer without air conditioning envy, even excited and delighted, so the host and guest make a toast-Harbin people's beer consumption capacity ranks second in the world, second only to Munich, Germany. In 1900, China's first brewery.

Harbin not only has fascinating natural scenery, but also has a unique cultural landscape that embraces China and the West.

In midsummer, in the afternoon, walking in the sunshine of the central street, looking at the square bricks under your feet and the buildings on the roadside, there will be a sense of time and space crisscrossing and being in a foreign country. This street was built in 1898, with a total length of 1,450 meters and a width of 21.34 meters. It is one of the longest pedestrian streets in Asia. The stone road above the street is paved with granite, which claims to be 999,999 pieces. Although it has been repaired several times, it basically maintains the style of that year-time is like water, and the old street still glows with warmth and kindness. There are 51 European-style buildings on both sides of the street, which bring together European Renaissance, Baroque, eclecticism and modern architectural styles, and are known as rare architectural art corridors in China.

Not far from the central street, there is a famous church, that is, St. Sofia's church-the largest Orthodox church in Harbin and even the whole Far East. This is one of the most important landmark buildings in Harbin, representing the highest achievement of European architecture in the whole city. There were 60 or 70 churches in Harbin, which were called "the city of churches", and now these churches have gone from ten to nine. "Hagia Sophia" means "the wisdom of God". The church is 53.35 meters high and has a building area of 721 square meters, which can accommodate 2,000 people. In midsummer, the square in front of the church is full of green grass and flowers, and the musical fountain is cadenced, and melodious music ripples in the blue sky with the crisp pigeon whistle. On the dark green onion head, the magnificent light of the sun jumps, the golden cross flashes a sacred halo in the changing light, the bell rings, and the dove flies across the sky, sweeping across a dreamlike elegance and mystery.

European-style buildings in Harbin were built after 1898, as the city became the hub of the Middle East railway. At that time, expatriates from Russia, Jews, and other European countries poured in. At the most, the population of foreign nationals reached more than 200,000, and 20 countries established consulates here. The influx of expatriates has led to the emergence of European-style buildings in the city, with thousands at most, and now there are 294 European-style buildings left. The aristocratic mansion of the past has become a bookstore and shopping mall. The prosperity of the past has precipitated elegance in the dust of the years, and it has also precipitated a kind of thing that is difficult to sigh in life.

However, this kind of sadness with a little taste of petty bourgeoisie often goes with the wind quickly-modern commercial buildings, dazzling high-end goods, confident and enthusiastic people rushing by, all of which indicate the openness and enterprising of the city. Harbin is adjacent to Russia. The historical precipitation and the infection of reality all make the city reveal a European style. Harbin people dare to wear it-the young man is handsome and bold, and the girl is beautiful and enthusiastic. They are the most beautiful scenery of the city-colorful Blagi and miniskirts. In the streets of midsummer, beautiful girls bloom like flowers.

The beautiful scenery of Balan River, the old dream of Jin Dynasty in Beijing, drifting and seeking roots, getting close to nature and tracing back to history. In the latitude and longitude of time and space, fully feel the past lives of the city-its wind and rain and charm, its elegance and freshness.

Walking out of the city, the scenic spots around Harbin are particularly touching.

Drifting is an important way for ice city people to spend summer and relax. Drifting in Harbin began in the 1990s, and now there are 15 sections of 8 rivers that can drift, some of which are thrilling and some are relaxing. Among them, the Balan River rafting, known as "the first drifting in the north", is the most famous.

Balan River is located in the hinterland of Danqing River provincial-level natural scenic spot, with a total length of more than 20 kilometers, surrounded by mountains, or towering cliffs, strange rocks, falling clouds or overlapping peaks and peaks. The river is clear and clear, with alternating priorities. Stay in the meantime, go with the waves, stay away from the hustle and bustle and forget the scenery, and a group of carefree arises spontaneously.

The beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers is worth tasting, and the historical context of Harbin is worth visiting. The history of Harbin began in the Jin Dynasty 900 years ago. Acheng District has Jinshangjing Site, one of the four famous ancient capitals in the north, which is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The ruins of the Imperial City Wumen Gate and the palace building are still intact. The Emperor's Village, Asahi Hall, Ju Yuan Ancient City and Jin Taizu Mausoleum, in the afterglow of the sunset in midsummer, are ruins of loess, telling the story of a dynasty's former Jin Ge Tiema, which was once hit by rain and wind.

There is another ancient city in yilan county-the ancient city of Yilan. Because of "watching the sky from a well", its reputation here should be better than that of Jin Shangjing.

In addition, there are many scenic spots in Harbin: Long Ta, the tallest steel tower in Asia; Daotaifu, the last yamen of China feudal dynasty; Confucian Temple, the largest Confucius Temple in Northeast China; Gokurakuji is one of the four famous Buddhist temples in Northeast China. Yuquan International Hunting Ground, Northeast Tiger Forest Park, Phoenix Mountain, Yabuli, Songfeng Mountain and Erlong Mountain, these national tourist areas and nature reserves-all tell the elegance and vicissitudes of the city and show its warmth and beauty.

Among them, Phoenix Mountain is located in Shanhe Forestry Bureau in Wuchang, which is divided into South Phoenix Mountain and North Phoenix Mountain. North Phoenix Mountain is 1668.9 meters above sea level, and the Grand Canyon and thousands of feet Waterfall are extremely spectacular. South Phoenix Mountain is 1675 meters above sea level, with an alpine grassland area of 500 hectares and a flat peak, with a large area of alpine rhododendron growing, which is known as the "hanging garden". Yabuli is located in Shangzhi, where snow is abundant in winter and it is the largest ski resort in Asia. In summer, the green grass is lush and it is a famous summer paradise. 18-hole and 27-hole golf courses, 110 neoclassical windmills forming the "Children of the Earth" windmill net array, and Yifeng Villa Group under construction-consisting of 225 neoclassical style apartments and villas, all these add a strong exotic charm to Yabuli, making people feel like they are in a scenic spot in Europe ...

Once upon a time, Harbin was famous as "Little Paris in the East". Now the city is developing rapidly, and its population and scale are far above Paris. However, her elegant atmosphere, her music

And her unique urban charm with both eastern and western charm still makes her exude the breath of love and longing-she is an elegant and inclusive city, with a magnificent and open mind; She is a pluralistic modern city, romantic and fashionable; She is a cool and livable city, a summer resort, an enthusiastic and enterprising city, hospitable and open ...

This side of the water and this side of the city.

The refreshing wind from this side

Love on this side and affection on this side.

This beautiful and enthusiastic person.

I can't remember acacia enough times.

How many times do you go back to your dreams?

I suggest you go to the website of Harbin Tourism Bureau Information Consultation Center.

Take a look at Harbin information online. The information is very complete and authoritative.

This link is a guide to Harbin self-help tour.